Catalytic lignin valorisation by depolymerisation, hydrogenation, demethylation and hydrodeoxygenation: Mechanism, chemical reaction kinetics and transport phenomena

The lignin-to-chemicals valorisation has increased the interest of scientific community in exploring effective lignin depolymerisation. Lignin is most abundant natural resource aromatic components with a high potential to be converted into various chemicals, thus increasing level an integrated biorefinery. This review focuses on depolymerisation mechanism, chemical reaction kinetics and transport phenomena studies, recently introduced field chemistry understand reactivity macromolecule two- or three-phase systems heterogeneous catalyst, liquid solvent gaseous source. involves several parallel sequential reactions aryl-ether bond cleavage leading complex mixture numerous depolymerised components. Theoretical mathematical approaches for understanding predicting catalytic parameters kinetic modelling are also discussed. data from works literature been thoroughly systematically reviewed, processed consistently presented benchmarked graphical tabular form. aspects heat mass transfer during upgrade reported.